May WTI crude oil (CLK24) on Thursday closed up +1.82 (+2.24%), and May RBOB gasoline (RBK24) closed up +4.87 (+1.82%).

Crude and gasoline prices Thursday settled moderately higher, with crude posting a 1-week high.  Thursday's stronger-than-expected US economic reports signaled strength in the economy that was bullish for energy demand and crude prices.  On the negative side for crude prices was Thursday's rally in the dollar index to a 6-week high.

Thursday's US economic news was better-than-expected on balance, a supportive factor for energy demand.  Q4 GDP was revised upward to +3.4% (q/q annualized), stronger than expectations of an unrevised 3.2%.  Also, weekly initial unemployment claims unexpectedly fell -2,000 to 210,000, showing a stronger labor market than expectations of an increase to 212,000.  In addition, the March University of Michigan US consumer sentiment index was revised upward to a 2-1/2 year high of 79.4, stronger than expectations of an unrevised 76.5.  On the negative side, the Mar MNI Chicago PMI unexpectedly fell -2.6 to a 10-month low of 41.4, weaker than expectations of an increase to 46.0.

Crude has support from the recent Ukrainian drone attacks on Russian refineries that damaged several Russian oil processing facilities, limiting Russia's fuel exporting capacity.  Bloomberg calculations show Russian refiners processed 5.03 million bpd of crude during March 14-20, down -400,000 bpd from the average for the first 13 days of March and the lowest in 10 months.  JPMorgan Chase said it sees 900,000 bpd of Russian refinery capacity that could be offline "for several weeks if not months" from the attacks, adding $4 a barrel of risk premium to oil prices.

However, the disruption to Russian refiners has yet to affect Russian fuel exports because of the large number of Russian ships at sea transporting crude.  Russia's fuel exports in the week to March 24 rose +360,000 bpd from the prior week to 3.32 million bpd.

Crude oil prices are seeing support from expectations that global crude supplies will remain tight as OPEC+ delegates are expected to keep crude production quotas unchanged when they meet next week.  Several OPEC delegates said they see no need to recommend changes to the group's crude production levels.  OPEC+ will meet on April 3 to assess implementation of its crude output cuts, which are scheduled to remain in place through the end of June.

OPEC+ announced on March 3 that it would extend its current crude production cuts of about 2 million bpd until the end of June.  The group said its crude production cuts will be "returned gradually subject to market conditions" after the second quarter.  However, OPEC Feb crude production rose +110,000 bpd to 26.680 million bpd, a bearish factor for oil prices as Iraq and UAE continue to pump above their production quotas.  

The recent strength of Chinese crude oil demand is bullish for prices.  Last Monday's government data showed that China processed a record 118.76 MMT of crude in January and February, up +3% from the same time last year.  Also, Chinese fuel demand jumped, with expressway passenger volumes 54% higher than 2019 levels, while airlines saw 19% more people than the pre-pandemic peak.

Vortexa said on March 4 that OPEC+ compliance with crude production cuts is still "questionable."  Vortexa said that Russian oil exports were about 500,000 bpd above the OPEC+ commitments, and there are "little indications that Russia is actively cutting either crude production or exports."  Bloomberg reported last Tuesday that Russia's seaborne crude oil exports in the week ended March 10 rose +590,000 bpd and that Russia's flows were 420,000 bpd above Russia's pledge.

Crude prices have underlying support from the Israel-Hamas war and concern that all-out war might spread to Lebanon.  Hezbollah and Israel have traded fire almost daily since the Israel-Hamas war erupted on October 7.  Also, the US and UK have engaged in airstrikes against Houthi rebels in Yemen in retaliation for Houthi attacks on commercial shipping in the Red Sea.  Attacks on commercial shipping in the Red Sea by Iran-backed Houthi rebels have forced shippers to divert shipments around the southern tip of Africa instead of going through the Red Sea, disrupting global crude oil supplies.

An increase in crude in floating storage is bearish for prices.  Monday's weekly data from Vortexa showed that the amount of crude oil held worldwide on tankers that have been stationary for at least a week rose +0.1% w/w to 74.72 million bbl as of March 22.

Wednesday's EIA report showed that (1) US crude oil inventories as of March 22 were -1.9% below the seasonal 5-year average, (2) gasoline inventories were -1.3% below the seasonal 5-year average, and (3) distillate inventories were -6.3% below the 5-year seasonal average.  US crude oil production in the week ending March 22 was unchanged w/w at 13.1 million bpd, below the recent record high of 13.3 million bpd.

Baker Hughes reported Thursday that active US oil rigs in the week ended March 29 fell by -3 rigs to 506 rigs, moderately above the 2-year low of 494 rigs posted on November 10.  The number of US oil rigs has fallen over the past year from the 3-3/4 year high of 627 rigs posted in December 2022.
 

• Crude Rallies on Strength in the US Economy
• Crude Prices Fall on Bearish Weekly EIA Report
• Crude Prices Fall after EIA Crude and Gasoline Inventories Unexpectedly Climb
• Dollar Strength and Increased Russian Fuel Exports Undercuts Crude